Energy density is the measure of how much energy a battery contains in proportion to its weight. This measurement is typically presented in Watt-hours per kilogram (Wh/kg). A watt-hour is a measure of electrical energy that is equivalent to the consumption of one watt for one hour.

Power density is the measure of how quickly the energy can be delivered, rather than how much stored energy is available. Energy density is often confused with power density, so it is important to understand the distinction between the two.

Why Do You Need a Battery with High Energy Density?

To better understand lithium-ion batteries, you should understand why a high energy density is a desirable trait in a battery.

A battery with high energy density has a longer battery run time in relation to the battery size. Alternately, a battery with high energy density can deliver the same amount of energy, but in a smaller footprint compared to a battery with lower energy density. This greatly expands the possibilities for battery applications.

In factory or warehouse settings, forklift batteries can weight thousands of pounds. A lightweight battery for forklifts offers some advantages in safety and handling.

If the energy density of a battery is too high, it could present a safety issue. When there’s more active material packed into a cell, it increases the risk of a thermal event.

Which Type of Rechargeable Battery Has the Highest Energy Density?

There are several different types of rechargeable batteries with a variety of energy densities reflective of their internal chemistry.

• Energy density of Lead acid battery ranges between 30-50 Wh/kg
• Energy density of Nickel-cadmium battery ranges between 45-80 Wh/kg
• Energy density of Nickel-metal hydride battery ranges between 60-120 Wh/kg
• Energy density of Lithium-ion battery ranges between 50-260 Wh/kg

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