Components of Solar Panels

31 Aug 2021

Solar panel technology is advancing rapidly with greater efficiency and lower prices resulting in a huge increase in demand. However, despite the massive advancements in technology, basic solar panel construction hasn’t changed much over the years. EverExceed solar panels are made up of a series of silicon crystalline cells sandwiched between a front glass plate and a rear polymer plastic back-sheet supported within an aluminum frame.

Main components of Solar Panel

Solar panels are composed with below mentioned components:

1. Solar photovoltaic cells
2. Glass - 3 to 4mm thick
3. Extruded Aluminium frame
4. Encapsulation - EVA film layers
5. Polymer rear back-sheet

6. Junction box

1. Solar PV cells:

Solar photovoltaic cells or PV cells convert sunlight directly into DC electrical energy. The performance of the solar panel is determined by the cell type and characteristics of the silicon used, with the two main types being monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon. There are several different cell sizes and configurations available which offer different levels of efficiency and performance including half-cut or split cells, multi-busbar (MBB) cells. The electrical contacts which interconnect the cells are known as busbars and allow the current to flow through all the cells in a circuit.

2. Glass:
The front glass sheet protects the PV cells from the weather and impact from hail or airborne debris. The glass is typically high strength tempered glass which is 3.0 to 4.0mm thick and is designed resist mechanical loads and extreme temperature changes.

To improve efficiency and performance high transmissive glass is used by most manufacturers which has a very low iron content and an anti-reflective coating on the rear side to reduce losses and improve light transmission.

3. Aluminium frame:
The aluminium frame plays a critical role by both protecting the edge of the laminate section housing the cells and providing a solid structure to mount the solar panel in position.

The aluminium frame can be silver or anodised black and depending on the panel manufacturer the corner sections can either be screwed, pressed or clamped together providing different levels of strength and stiffness.

4. EVA film:

EVA stands for ‘ethylene vinyl acetate’ which is a specially designed polymer highly transparent (plastic) layer used to encapsulate the cells and hold them in position during manufacture. A high quality EVA film with a high degree of what is known as ‘cross-linking’ can be the difference between a long life or a panel failure due to water ingress. During manufacture the cells are first encapsulated with the EVA before being assembled within the glass and back sheet.

5. Back-sheet:

The backsheet is the rear most layer of common solar panels which as acts as a moisture barrier and final external skin to provide both mechanical protection and electrical insulation. The back-sheet material is made of various polymers or plastics including PP, PET and PVF which offer different levels of protection, thermal stability and long term UV resistance.

6. Junction box:

The junction box is a small weather proof enclosure located on the rear side of the panel. It is needed to securely attach the cables required to interconnect the panels. The junction box is important as it is the central point where all the cells sets interconnect and must be protected from moisture and dirt.

To manufacture the EverExceed Solar panels, these components are strictly checked and monitored by EverExceed's highly experienced engineers. Hence, EverExceed can provide highly efficient solar panels at the competitive price.

If you want to learn more about solar energy storage like solar banks or batteries, contact EverExceed today. We have more than a decade of experience in the solar panel industry and offer a wide array of products and services. Our team will work directly with you to find the exact solutions that meet your home and commercial needs.

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