With the large-scale rollout of 5G networks and the rapid deployment of edge-computing base stations, the core requirements for base station power systems—stability, cost-efficiency, and adaptability—have become more critical than ever. As the “power lifeline” of telecom sites, lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries have long dominated the market. However, their differences in technology and application scenarios are significant. Choosing the wrong type not only increases O&M costs but may also lead to power outage risks.

This guide breaks down the selection logic across three key dimensions: core specifications, scenario suitability, and lifecycle cost, helping you choose the right power solution for your base station.

1.Core Technical Characteristics: The Fundamental Differences

Lithium Batteries (Mainstream: LiFePO₄)

LiFePO₄ is the preferred lithium battery chemistry for telecom base stations, known for its high performance and long lifespan.

High energy density (120–180 Wh/kg) — about three times that of lead-acid batteries.

For example, to achieve 500Ah capacity, a lithium battery may weigh only 50 kg, while a lead-acid system could exceed 150 kg. This makes lithium ideal for rooftop sites and compact indoor rooms where space and load capacity are limited.

Long cycle life 

With daily charge/discharge in telecom applications, lithium batteries typically last 5–8 years.

Deep discharge capability (80%–100%)

Enables higher usable energy without damaging the battery.

Fast charging (full charge in 2–3 hours)

Supports the sudden high-power demand of 5G and edge-computing sites.

Smart BMS management

Real-time monitoring of voltage, temperature, and SOC helps ensure safety and reduces the need for manual inspections.

Lead-Acid Batteries (Mainstream: VRLA)

Lead-acid remains competitive in scenarios that prioritize low cost and high compatibility.

Lower initial cost — typically 40–60% of the price of lithium, ideal for projects with budget constraints.

High compatibility

Works seamlessly with existing telecom power systems and chargers without additional modifications.

Better low-temperature performance

At -20°C, lead-acid batteries maintain over 70% discharge capacity, while lithium drops to about 50%.

However, limitations include:

Low energy density (30–50 Wh/kg) — heavier and bulkier.

Short cycle life (500–800 cycles) — 3–5 years of service life.

Limited discharge depth (≤50%) — requires more backup capacity.

Higher O&M workload — regular inspections and replacements are required.

2. Key Comparison Table: A Clear View of the Differences

3. Scenario-Based Recommendations: Choose What Fits, Not What’s “Best”

When Lithium Batteries Are the Preferred Choice

Urban macro sites, rooftop rooms, limited-space deployments

Lightweight and compact, easier to install.

High-power, frequent cycling scenarios

5G and edge-computing loads benefit from fast charging and deep discharge.

Remote or unmanned sites

Low maintenance and BMS remote monitoring reduce O&M burden.

Projects with strong environmental requirements

Lithium supports sustainability and has higher recycling value.

When Lead-Acid Batteries Are the Better Fit

Low-temperature regions (below -10°C)

Rural north, high-altitude sites—lead-acid performs more reliably.

Cost-sensitive, short-term deployments

Temporary sites or rural micro-stations with limited budget.

Existing systems already using lead-acid

Upgrading without replacing power equipment saves cost.

4. Avoiding Common Pitfalls: Three Factors You Shouldn’t Ignore

Calculate full lifecycle cost (TCO)

Lithium has a higher upfront cost but longer lifespan and lower O&M, making it more cost-effective for projects longer than 5 years.

Assess environmental adaptation needs

Lithium requires heating in low-temperature regions.

Lead-acid requires ventilation and thermal management in hot regions.

Check system compatibility

Match battery voltage, capacity, and charge parameters with base station power equipment to avoid interface or charging issues.

Conclusion

Lithium and lead-acid batteries are not simply rivals—they are complementary choices based on scenario requirements.

For urban, high-power, long-term, low-maintenance sites, lithium is the smarter long-term investment.

For low-temperature, budget-limited, or short-term deployments, lead-acid remains the practical and reliable option.

The key is to align the base station’s environment, power demand, O&M capability, and budget with the strengths of each battery type, ultimately achieving stable power supply, optimal cost, and better system adaptability.